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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Non-coding RNA as lung disease biomarkers.

Sebastian F Vencken1, Catherine M Greene1, Paul J McKiernan1

  • 1Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

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Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, show promise as sensitive and specific biomarkers for lung disease. Detecting these molecules in biofluids offers a non-invasive approach for diagnosing lung conditions like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Biomarkers are crucial for disease detection, requiring specificity, sensitivity, and accessibility.
  • Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, are emerging as potent biomarker candidates.
  • Detection of non-coding RNAs in biofluids enables non-invasive diagnostics for various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for lung diseases.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in clinical settings.
  • To discuss advancements in non-coding RNA detection technologies for lung cancer diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on non-coding RNA biomarkers.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating altered non-coding RNA expression in lung diseases.
  • Examination of technological advancements in biomarker detection.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, exhibit characteristics suitable for biomarkers.
  • Circulating non-coding RNA levels often correlate with lung-specific expression changes.
  • Significant progress has been made in utilizing non-coding RNAs for lung cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs are valuable non-invasive biomarkers for lung disease detection.
  • The field of non-coding RNA biomarkers exemplifies successful bench-to-bedside research.
  • Further technological development will enhance the clinical application of non-coding RNA diagnostics.