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Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors
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Target-Based Biofilm Inhibition and Antibiotic Enhancement Strategy by MiR.101.3p Using DNA Tetrahedrons.

Yin He Richard Sun1,2,3, Yun Fei Ye1, Hawraa Shahrour1

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, RSCI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Innate Immunity
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that a novel nanoparticle delivery system for microRNA-101.3p effectively inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. It also enhances antibiotic efficacy against these cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceBiofilmCystic fibrosisDNA tetrahedronsMicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat due to biofilms and antibiotic resistance.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are altered in CF and may influence disease progression.
  • Current treatments are often ineffective against CF-associated bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of hsa-miR.101.3p, delivered via DNA nanostructures, to combat CF lung infections.
  • To evaluate the impact of this novel therapeutic approach on bacterial viability and antibiotic susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • In silico analysis identified hsa-miR.101.3p as a target for bacterial genes.
  • miRNA mimics were conjugated to DNA tetrahedrons (DNAtds) for enhanced delivery.
  • Complexes were characterized using electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and fluorescence microscopy for bacterial uptake.

Main Results:

  • DNAtd-miR.101.3p significantly reduced the viability of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
  • The treatment enhanced cefotaxime activity against planktonic and biofilm P. aeruginosa.
  • Mechanisms involved targeting of bacterial genes ampC, fleN, and pslK.

Conclusions:

  • DNAtd-miR.101.3p demonstrates potent in vitro inhibition of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
  • This approach enhances the bactericidal activity of cefotaxime against P. aeruginosa.
  • This miRNA-based strategy offers a promising new avenue for treating CF lung infections.