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Related Concept Videos

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

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Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields...
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Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles01:19

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles

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Nitriles (R–CN) can be converted into carboxylic acids (R–COOH) upon treatment with aqueous acids, i.e., upon hydrolysis of nitriles. Under base-catalyzed conditions, carboxylate anions (R–COO−) are formed.
6.8K
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction01:41

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

4.4K
Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.
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Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

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Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
7.0K
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

4.3K
There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.
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Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:08

Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

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Nitriles undergo acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-catalyzed hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid. These reactions proceed via an amide intermediate.
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The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
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Ordered Carboxylates on TiO2(110) Formed at Aqueous Interfaces.

David C Grinter1, Thomas Woolcot1, Chi-Lun Pang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry & London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|January 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Investigating carboxylic acids on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) surfaces reveals distinct adsorption behaviors. Formic, acetic, and benzoic acids form different overlayers, impacting dye-sensitized solar cell applications.

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Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Carboxylic acids are crucial for understanding interactions between titanium dioxide (TiO₂) surfaces and dye molecules in dye-sensitized solar cells.
  • The adsorption behavior of these molecules on TiO₂ surfaces dictates device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adsorption behavior of three small carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, and benzoic) on the TiO₂ (110) surface.
  • To elucidate the different interadsorbate interactions and their influence on surface ordering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for high-resolution surface imaging.
  • Employed low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) to determine the ordered structures of the adsorbed molecules.
  • Carboxylic acids were reacted with the TiO₂ (110) surface using a dipping procedure from a 10 mM solution.

Main Results:

  • Formic acid formed a disordered formate overlayer with two distinct binding geometries.
  • Acetic acid self-assembled into a well-ordered (2 × 1) acetate overlayer.
  • Benzoic acid formed a (2 × 2) overlayer, stabilized by intermolecular phenyl group interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The adsorption behavior of carboxylic acids on TiO₂ (110) is molecule-specific, influenced by their chemical structure and intermolecular forces.
  • Understanding these adsorption patterns is key to optimizing the interface in dye-sensitized solar cells.