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Processes at Electrodes

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

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Published on: March 15, 2017

Operando Characterization of Electrochemistry at the Rutile TiO₂(110)/0.1 M HCl Interface Using Ambient Pressure XPS.

Jiangdong Yu¹, Conor Byrne^2,3, Jameel Imran¹

¹London Centre for Nanotechnology and Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces

|December 18, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that applied potential significantly alters the TiO2(110) interface with HCl. Surface chloride coverage changes with potential, and chlorine reacts with carbon species.

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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Surface Science
Electrochemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding the behavior of titanium dioxide (TiO2) interfaces under electrochemical conditions is crucial for various applications.
The influence of electrolyte composition and applied potential on surface chemistry requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of applied potential on the TiO2(110) and 0.1 M HCl interface using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS).
To monitor electrochemical processes in real-time and analyze changes in interface composition.

Main Methods:

Operando electrochemical characterization combined with ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS).
Real-time monitoring of electrochemical processes at the TiO2(110)/HCl interface.

Main Results:

Applied potential significantly influences the interface composition of TiO2(110) with 0.1 M HCl.
Surface chloride (Cl-) coverage exhibits a notable variation with changes in electrochemical potential.
Evidence suggests a reaction between evolved chlorine and adventitious carbon, forming C-Cl and C-Cl2 species.

Conclusions:

Electrochemical potential is a critical factor controlling surface composition at the TiO2(110)/HCl interface.
The formation of chlorinated carbon species indicates complex interfacial reactions under applied potential.