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Epigenetics in pediatrics

Susan E Puumala1, H Eugene Hoyme2

  • 1Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD. Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.

Pediatrics in Review
|January 3, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic mechanisms, external DNA modifications affecting gene function, are linked to pediatric diseases. Understanding epigenetics is crucial for future pediatrician decision-making and developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric epigenetics and disease mechanisms.

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms involve external DNA modifications influencing gene function.
  • These mechanisms are implicated in various pediatric conditions, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, leukemia, allergies, asthma, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
  • Current treatments for childhood leukemia leverage epigenetically active therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of epigenetics in pediatric diseases.
  • To underscore the need for pediatricians to understand epigenetic mechanisms for future clinical practice.
  • To discuss the potential for epigenetically active treatments and preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in pediatric health.
  • Identification of pediatric diseases with known or suspected epigenetic links.
  • Examination of existing and potential therapeutic applications of epigenetics.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development and progression of numerous pediatric diseases.
  • Epigenetically active treatments are currently employed for childhood leukemia.
  • Further research is exploring epigenetic interventions for other pediatric conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatricians require awareness of epigenetic disease underpinnings.
  • Understanding epigenetics is essential for advancing clinical decision-making in pediatrics.
  • Epigenetic therapies offer promising avenues for treating and preventing pediatric diseases.

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