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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Epigenetics in pediatrics.

Susan E Puumala1, H Eugene Hoyme2

  • 1Center for Health Outcomes and Prevention Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD. Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.

Pediatrics in Review
|January 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic mechanisms, external DNA modifications affecting gene function, are linked to pediatric diseases. Understanding epigenetics is crucial for future pediatrician decision-making and developing new treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric epigenetics and disease mechanisms.

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms involve external DNA modifications influencing gene function.
  • These mechanisms are implicated in various pediatric conditions, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, leukemia, allergies, asthma, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
  • Current treatments for childhood leukemia leverage epigenetically active therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of epigenetics in pediatric diseases.
  • To underscore the need for pediatricians to understand epigenetic mechanisms for future clinical practice.
  • To discuss the potential for epigenetically active treatments and preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in pediatric health.
  • Identification of pediatric diseases with known or suspected epigenetic links.
  • Examination of existing and potential therapeutic applications of epigenetics.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development and progression of numerous pediatric diseases.
  • Epigenetically active treatments are currently employed for childhood leukemia.
  • Further research is exploring epigenetic interventions for other pediatric conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatricians require awareness of epigenetic disease underpinnings.
  • Understanding epigenetics is essential for advancing clinical decision-making in pediatrics.
  • Epigenetic therapies offer promising avenues for treating and preventing pediatric diseases.