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Related Concept Videos

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Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
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Microbes in Food Production01:29

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Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
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Pigmentation01:19

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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[Dermatoses in the grocery industry].

Pietro Sartorelli1, Valentina Paolucci

  • 1Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy. pietro.sartorelli@unisi.it

Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Dermatological risks in supermarkets are similar to other workplaces. Irritant contact dermatitis is common in food handlers, and protein contact dermatitis is more prevalent than expected.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational dermatology
  • Public health
  • Workplace safety

Context:

  • Dermatological risks in supermarkets are understudied.
  • Employment conditions in large-scale retail present unique challenges.
  • Limited specific research necessitates referencing broader food industry and cashier data.

Purpose:

  • To review the available literature on dermatological risks in supermarkets.
  • To identify common skin conditions affecting supermarket workers.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps in occupational dermatology for this sector.

Summary:

  • Eleven papers were identified, with five deemed pertinent to supermarket work.
  • Irritant contact dermatitis is the most frequent issue for food handlers.

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  • Protein contact dermatitis is more common than previously recognized; hand eczema and nickel allergy are noted in cashiers.

    • Impact:

    • This review underscores the need for targeted research into supermarket-specific dermatological hazards.
    • Findings inform preventative strategies for skin conditions in retail environments.
    • Highlights the importance of considering both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis in occupational health assessments.