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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
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Intestinal steroidogenesis.

Guillaume Bouguen1, Laurent Dubuquoy2, Pierre Desreumaux3

  • 1Service des Maladies de l'Appareil digestif, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France; UMR991, Liver Metabolism and Cancer, France; Université de Rennes 1, France.

Steroids
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intestine synthesizes glucocorticoids and metabolizes sex steroids, impacting gut homeostasis and diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. This local steroid production involves unique regulatory factors in intestinal epithelial cells.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerGlucocorticoidsInflammatory bowel diseasesIntestinal epithelial cellsIntestinal steroidogenesisLiver receptor homolog-1

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Steroids are crucial hormones historically attributed to adrenal and gonadal synthesis.
  • Recent research reveals steroid synthesis and metabolism occur in non-classical organs, including the intestine.
  • Intestinal epithelial cells are identified as significant sites for steroid production and modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of intestinal steroidogenesis.
  • To discuss the regulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism within the gut.
  • To highlight the physiological and pathological roles of intestinal steroids.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of steroidogenic enzyme expression in the gut.
  • Identification of bioactive steroids in intestinal tissues (rodent and human).
  • Analysis of regulatory factors like liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) in intestinal epithelial cells.

Main Results:

  • The intestine is a major source of de novo glucocorticoids and metabolizes sex steroids.
  • Intestinal epithelial cells utilize LRH-1, not SF-1, for glucocorticoid synthesis regulation.
  • Local glucocorticoid production influences intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Intestinal sex steroid metabolism, particularly estrogen, may affect colorectal cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal steroidogenesis is a critical local function with significant physiological implications.
  • Dysregulation of intestinal steroid production and metabolism is linked to gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Further research into intestinal steroid functions is vital for understanding gut health and disease.