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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
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Microbial diversity in dental unit waterlines.

Guacyra M Lisboa1, Yves R M Lisboa2, Telma M L Pinheiro2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil.

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Summary

Dental unit water in Maceio, Brazil, showed high levels of contamination, including total coliforms and filamentous fungi. This indicates the water is unsafe for consumption and poses a cross-infection risk in dental settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Dental Science

Background:

  • Dental unit waterlines can harbor microorganisms, posing risks to patients and dental professionals.
  • Contaminated water from dental units can lead to accidental ingestion or aspiration during procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the microbiological quality of water used in dental units within Maceio's public dental care system.
  • To identify specific contaminants including total coliforms, E. coli, heterotrophic bacteria, and filamentous fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Water samples (200 mL) were collected from 6 dental offices in Maceio.
  • Samples were analyzed for total coliforms, E. coli, heterotrophic bacteria, and filamentous fungi.
  • Identified microbial isolates and genera.

Main Results:

  • A total of 212 isolates and 16 genera of filamentous fungi were identified.
  • Presence of total coliforms indicated water was unfit for human consumption.
  • High levels of bacterial and fungal contamination were detected.

Conclusions:

  • Water used in Maceio's public dental units is significantly contaminated.
  • This contamination presents a substantial risk for cross-infection in dental environments.
  • Urgent measures are needed to ensure dental unit water safety.