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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
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Breathomics in lung disease.

Marc Philippe van der Schee1, Tamara Paff2, Paul Brinkman3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for pulmonary diseases. Further standardization and research are needed for clinical implementation in personalized medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originate from metabolic processes, offering potential as noninvasive biomarkers.
  • Exhaled VOCs can originate from the respiratory tract or circulation, making them relevant for pulmonary disease diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of exhaled VOCs as noninvasive biomarkers for pulmonary diseases.
  • To identify necessary steps for implementing breath-based diagnostics in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on VOCs in pulmonary medicine.
  • Discussion of requirements for clinical validation, including intention-to-diagnose studies and standardization.

Main Results:

  • Exhaled VOCs show potential in discriminating lung cancer, diagnosing infectious diseases, and monitoring obstructive lung diseases.
  • Standardization of breath collection and analysis is crucial for data pooling and reliable diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Exhaled VOCs hold significant promise for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring in pulmonary medicine.
  • Further research and standardization are essential for integrating VOC-based diagnostics into personalized medicine.