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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria
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Special Issue: Evolutionary perspectives on salmonid conservation and management.

Robin S Waples1, Andrew P Hendry2

  • 1National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Seattle, WA, USA.

Evolutionary Applications
|January 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary principles are crucial for salmonid fish conservation and management. Understanding past and potential future evolutionary responses to environmental changes informs effective strategies for these vital fish populations.

Keywords:
Anthropogenic changeadaptationeco-evolutionaryevolutionary historyplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Salmonid fishes face numerous environmental challenges.
  • Understanding their evolutionary history is key to predicting responses to change.
  • Current management practices may not fully incorporate evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate how evolutionary principles can guide salmonid conservation and management.
  • To synthesize research on evolutionary responses to environmental change in salmonids.
  • To highlight the adaptive potential of salmonids.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 15 papers focusing on salmonid evolutionary applications.
  • Analysis of studies examining past evolutionary history.
  • Investigation of potential evolutionary responses to climate warming, invasions, artificial propagation, habitat alteration, and harvesting.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary history provides insights into plastic and genetic responses to environmental change.
  • Salmonids exhibit evolutionary responses to various anthropogenic pressures.
  • Some documented responses are genetically based and adaptive.
  • Altered selective regimes drive these evolutionary changes.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary considerations are essential for effective salmonid conservation and management.
  • Integrating evolutionary principles improves predictions of species' resilience.
  • Future research should continue to explore adaptive potential in salmonids.