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Hybridization and invasion: an experimental test with diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.).

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Summary

Hybridization may not explain diffuse knapweed (DK) invasion in North America. However, artificially created hybrids (BC1) showed increased traits, suggesting future hybridization could create more aggressive invasive plants.

Keywords:
Centaurea diffusaCentaurea stoebecommon garden experimentdiffuse knapweedinterspecific hybridizationinvasionspotted knapweed

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Hybridization is often linked to species invasion.
  • Diffuse knapweed (DK) in North America contains genetic admixture from spotted knapweed (SK).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test if hybridization influences plant invasion.
  • To compare the performance of native and introduced DK, and artificial hybrids.

Main Methods:

  • Greenhouse common garden study.
  • Comparison of North American DK, European DK, and artificial BC1 hybrids (DK x SK).
  • Analysis of phenotypic variance and plant performance traits.

Main Results:

  • North American DK did not show enhanced performance or variance compared to native DK.
  • Artificial BC1 hybrids exhibited increased trait variance and shoot production versus North American DK.
  • BC1 hybrids were not transgressive compared to parental species.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-introduction hybridization or post-introduction evolution has not significantly boosted DK invasion.
  • Future interspecific hybridization between DK and SK could lead to more aggressive invasive plants.
  • The specific genetic cross is crucial for understanding hybrid performance.