Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

1.3K
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
1.3K
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

525
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
525
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

325
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
325
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

360
In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance...
360
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

1.6K
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
1.6K
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

661
Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
661

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Hierarchical Endpoint Analysis of the Worldwide Exploration of Renal Replacement Outcomes Collaborative in Kidney Disease (WE-ROCK) Cohort.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·2026
Same author

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Phenotypes Reveal Distinct Mechanisms of Sepsis Decompensation via Deep Learning.

Research square·2026
Same author

Discontinuation of Medications With Limited Benefit at End of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Veterans.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same author

A comprehensive cross-sectional study of bedside monitor alarm characteristics and alarm load across hospital units.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Classifying Veterans' pre-pregnancy health risks using latent class analysis.

Women's health (London, England)·2026
Same author

Development and evaluation of a prediction model for adult ICU hemorrhage using only continuous cardiorespiratory data.

Physiological measurement·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
09:09

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

Published on: August 9, 2013

41.2K

Classifying AKI by Urine Output versus Serum Creatinine Level.

John A Kellum1, Florentina E Sileanu2, Raghavan Murugan3

  • 1Center for Critical Care Nephrology and Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; kellumja@upmc.edu.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|January 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) severity and duration significantly impact patient outcomes. Persistent AKI, defined by both creatinine and urine output criteria, poses the greatest risk for mortality and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Keywords:
ARFdialysismortality

More Related Videos

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

5.0K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
09:09

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

Published on: August 9, 2013

41.2K
A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

5.0K
Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients.
  • Severity is often assessed by serum creatinine and urine output, but the combined impact of these markers and duration on outcomes is critical.
  • Understanding these relationships is vital for predicting patient prognosis and guiding treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between AKI severity and duration, using both creatinine and urine output criteria, with the risk of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and patient survival.
  • To analyze the impact of AKI on both short- and long-term outcomes in a large cohort of critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records from 32,045 critically ill patients treated between 2000 and 2008.
  • AKI classification based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging criteria for serum creatinine and urine output.
  • Evaluation of in-hospital mortality, RRT rates, renal recovery, and survival.

Main Results:

  • Of 23,866 patients with AKI, those meeting both creatinine and urine output criteria for Stage 3 AKI had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (51.1%) and RRT rates (55.3%) compared to those with no AKI (4.3% and 0%).
  • Patients with AKI defined by both serum creatinine and urine output criteria experienced worse short- and long-term outcomes, regardless of AKI stage.
  • AKI duration was a significant predictor of long-term outcomes, independent of severity.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of elevated serum creatinine and decreased urine output, particularly when persistent, represents the highest risk for adverse outcomes, including death and the need for RRT in critically ill patients.
  • Both the severity and duration of AKI are crucial factors influencing patient prognosis.
  • Clinical assessment and management strategies should consider both the magnitude and persistence of creatinine and urine output abnormalities in AKI.