How grim is hepatocellular carcinoma?

Area of Science:

• Hepatology and oncology, focusing on liver cancer research.

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions with high hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence.
• Historically viewed as a terminal illness, HCC is increasingly recognized as a manageable condition with potential for prevention, early detection, and effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management and highlight recent advancements.
• To discuss the impact of viral hepatitis control and novel therapeutic strategies on HCC outcomes.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current literature on HCC epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities.
• Focuses on the role of antiviral therapies for HBV and HCV in HCC prevention and management.
• Examines the efficacy of surgical interventions like liver resection and ablation, and their role as a bridge to transplantation.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in preventing and treating HCC, transforming its prognosis.
• Effective control of HBV and HCV infections is crucial for reducing HCC incidence.
• Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies are showing promise in improving treatment efficacy for HCC.

Conclusions:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management has evolved, offering better outcomes through prevention and early detection.
• Control of viral hepatitis (HBV/HCV) and advancements in adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapies are key drivers of progress.
• Surgical options, including liver transplantation, provide effective treatment for eligible HCC patients.