Novel mechanical assistance in the treatment of endotoxic and septicemic shock

Systemic sepsis is a frequent and fatal complication of postoperative patients. More recently, therapeutic trials of plasma or blood exchange are performed in septic patients for the purpose of reducing both endotoxins and albumin-bound toxins. As an alternate approach such as this for the removal of endotoxin directly from the blood, the authors recently developed polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX-F) as a biomaterial for selectively detoxifying endotoxin. That this newly invented PMX-F neutralizes a sufficient amount of endotoxin in vitro was reported previously. In ex vivo experiments, direct hemoperfusion by PMX-F was performed on purified endotoxin injected canine and on live Escherichia coli induced septic dogs. Only 5% (1/20) survived in the control group, but 75% (30/40) survived in the treated group. Septic dogs died within 18 hours after bacteria infusion in the control group. But all in the treated group survived 3 days. Forty percent of them survived permanently. These observations indicate that PMX-F treatment, namely selective removal of endotoxin in the endotoxic and septicaemic dogs prolongs or increases the chances of survival. Blood compatibility of PMX-F was also evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. With platelets it was shown to be fairly good and with red blood cells, white blood cells, and proteins, extremely good. A preclinical study on the efficacy and safety of PMX-F throughout widespread experiments has just ended.