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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

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The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
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Analyzing the Photo-oxidation of 2-propanol at Indoor Air Level Concentrations Using Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry
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Development of UV-ionization based trace differential mobility sensor for acetone and hexane.

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 9, 2015
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    This study demonstrates a novel sensor for detecting trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath, showing potential for disease diagnosis. The developed device achieved sub-parts per million detection limits for key compounds like acetone.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers for various diseases.
    • Accurate and sensitive detection methods are crucial for non-invasive disease diagnosis using breath analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a Differential Mobility Sensor (DMS) with a dual ultra-violet (UV) photo-ionization source for measuring trace VOCs in human breath.
    • To evaluate the sensor's performance in detecting specific VOCs like acetone and hexane at low concentrations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Differential Mobility Sensor (DMS) equipped with a dual ultra-violet (UV) photo-ionization source.
    • Employed high-frequency asymmetrical waveform fields for gas detection.
    • Tested the sensor's selectivity and sensitivity using carrier gases including air, CO2, and O2, with target analytes acetone and hexane.
    • Correlated acetone detection in human breath with blood glucose measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a detection limit of sub-parts per million (ppm) for acetone and hexane at a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 3.
    • Demonstrated selective sensing of a target gas within a mixture of gases by applying a compensation field.
    • Observed a good correlation between the sensor's detection of acetone in human breath and concurrent blood glucose measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed DMS is a feasible tool for measuring trace VOCs in human breath at sub-ppm levels.
    • The sensor exhibits selective detection capabilities, crucial for analyzing complex breath samples.
    • Preliminary findings suggest the potential of this VOC sensor for non-invasive monitoring of conditions like diabetes, correlating breath acetone with blood glucose.