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APOBEC3A and 3C decrease human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirion infectivity.

Md Monjurul Ahasan1, Kousho Wakae1, Zhe Wang2

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APOBEC3 proteins inhibit human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) infection by affecting virion assembly. APOBEC3A reduces viral DNA, while APOBEC3C interferes with capsid protein L1, decreasing infectivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are crucial for innate immunity against viral infections.
  • APOBEC3 (A3) proteins hypermutate human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16), but their role in viral DNA maintenance and infection is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of A3 proteins on HPV16 virion assembly.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which A3 proteins inhibit HPV16 infectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an HPV16 pseudovirion (PsV) production system in 293FT cells.
  • Co-expressed A3A or A3C with HPV16 capsid proteins L1/L2 and a reporter plasmid.
  • Assessed PsV infectivity, reporter plasmid copy number, and L1-A3C interactions via co-immunoprecipitation.

Main Results:

  • Co-expression of A3A or A3C significantly reduced PsV infectivity.
  • A3A decreased PsV infectivity by reducing the encapsidated reporter plasmid copy number.
  • A3C reduced PsV infectivity through physical interaction with the L1 capsid protein.

Conclusions:

  • A3 proteins inhibit HPV16 infection during the virion assembly phase.
  • A3A and A3C employ distinct mechanisms to impair HPV16 assembly and infectivity.