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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

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Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
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[Methotrexate-associated photosensitization].

K Hoffmann1, F Casetti, C Schempp

  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland, karl.hoffmann@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methotrexate (MTX) can cause phototoxic dermatitis, a skin reaction triggered by UV light exposure during treatment. This highlights the importance of monitoring for adverse skin reactions in patients undergoing systemic psoriasis therapy with MTX.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methotrexate (MTX) is a primary systemic therapy for psoriasis in Germany, often used with fumaric acid esters.
  • MTX may be combined with topical treatments or phototherapy for enhanced efficacy.

Observation:

  • A case of phototoxic dermatitis occurred in a patient undergoing MTX treatment.
  • Phototoxic dermatitis is a potential adverse skin reaction to MTX.

Findings:

  • This case adds to the known cutaneous side effects of MTX.
  • Other MTX-related skin issues include UV recall, radiation recall, and potential skin tumor development.

Implications:

  • Awareness of phototoxic reactions is crucial for dermatologists prescribing MTX.
  • Patients using MTX should be educated about sun sensitivity and advised on protective measures.
  • Further research into managing and preventing MTX-induced phototoxicity is warranted.