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Evaluating gender similarities and differences using metasynthesis.

Ethan Zell1, Zlatan Krizan2, Sabrina R Teeter3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Men and women are more alike than different, with small average psychological differences. While some variations exist across domains, age, and culture, the gender similarities hypothesis is strongly supported.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gender Studies
  • Meta-analysis

Background:

  • Common assumption posits significant psychological differences between males and females.
  • The gender similarities hypothesis, proposed by Hyde (2005), suggests greater similarity than difference.
  • This hypothesis has faced ongoing debate and spurred further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reevaluate the gender similarities hypothesis using an updated and expanded collection of meta-analyses.
  • To estimate the average effect size of psychological differences between genders.
  • To investigate potential moderators influencing the magnitude of gender differences.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive review of 106 meta-analyses, encompassing 386 individual effect sizes.
  • Employed metasynthesis, a novel data-analytic approach, to synthesize findings.
  • Analyzed differences across various psychological domains, including cognitive, social, personality, and well-being variables.

Main Results:

  • The average absolute psychological difference between males and females was small (d = 0.21).
  • A substantial majority of effect sizes were small (46%) or very small (39%).
  • Difference magnitudes varied by psychological domain but were consistent across age, culture, and generations.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide robust support for the gender similarities hypothesis.
  • While overall similarities are pronounced, specific conditions and domains show more pronounced gender differences.
  • The study highlights the nuanced nature of psychological gender differences.