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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Multiplexed Single Cell mRNA Sequencing Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Cells
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Enhanced transcriptome maps from multiple mouse tissues reveal evolutionary constraint in gene expression.

Dmitri D Pervouchine1, Sarah Djebali2, Alessandra Breschi2

  • 11] Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Doctor Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain [2] Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-73, 119992 Moscow, Russia.

Nature Communications
|January 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers characterized mouse tissue transcriptomes, identifying novel transcripts and conserved gene expression programs. A core set of evolutionarily constrained genes is crucial for basic cellular functions and linked to disease phenotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Transcriptomics
  • Mammalian Systems Biology

Background:

  • Mice serve as a critical model organism for understanding human biology and disease.
  • RNA sequencing was employed to comprehensively analyze transcriptional profiles across a diverse range of mouse tissues.
  • This analysis aimed to expand the known mouse transcriptome with novel transcript candidates.

Discussion:

  • A significant conservation of transcriptional programs between mouse tissues and human cell lines was observed.
  • A distinct class of genes, constrained early in vertebrate evolution, was identified.
  • These evolutionarily constrained genes are fundamental to mammalian cellular housekeeping functions.

Key Insights:

  • The identified core gene set constitutes a substantial portion of mammalian cellular transcriptional output.
  • Perturbations in these constrained genes are strongly associated with severe phenotypes, including embryonic lethality and cancer.
  • Evolutionary constraint on gene expression levels is not mirrored in genomic sequence conservation.

Outlook:

  • Conserved epigenetic marking and specific post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, including alternative splicing and sub-cellular localization, are linked to expression constraint.
  • Further investigation into these regulatory mechanisms could reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases associated with constrained gene expression.
  • This study provides a foundational resource for comparative genomics and understanding the evolution of gene regulation.