Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genetic and transcriptomic signatures of host control in HIV-1 infection.

Retrovirology·2026

Same author

Comparison of techniques and markers to distinguish Plasmodium falciparum recrudescence from new infection in Rwanda.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Target product profiles of laboratory and data analytical frameworks for genotyping to monitor antimalarial efficacy.

PLOS global public health·2026

Same author

Novel candidate genes for vestibular function identified through GWAS in the hybrid mouse diversity panel.

BMC genomics·2026

Same author

Potent efficacy of an NA-targeting antibody against a broad spectrum of H5N1 influenza viruses.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Correction: Bioenergetic-related gene expression in the hippocampus predicts internalizing vs. externalizing behavior in an animal model of temperament.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2026

Same journal

IAS 2025: Why Can't I Breastfeed My Baby When Evidence and Lived Experience Say I Can? A Call for Policy Equity for Mothers Living with HIV.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

Same journal

Cytomegalovirus and HIV Co-Infections During Pregnancy and Early Childhood.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

Same journal

HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

Same journal

HIV-1 Tat-driven Glutamate Dysregulation: Implications for Cognitive Impairment in HAND.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

Same journal

Central Nervous System HIV Persistence and Clinical Consequences During Suppressive ART.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

Same journal

Expanding PrEP Access Through Decentralized Delivery Models.

Current HIV/AIDS reports·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

Bioinformatics and HIV latency.

Angela Ciuffi¹, Pejman Mohammadi, Monica Golumbeanu

¹Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland, angela.ciuffi@chuv.ch.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

|January 15, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in resting CD4+ T cells, forming viral reservoirs. Novel genome-wide technologies are advancing our understanding of HIV latency by studying viral integration, transcriptome, and proteome.

More Related Videos

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγ^null (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing

Published on: January 22, 2019

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγ^null (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Genomics

Background:

Effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment does not eliminate the virus due to persistent viral reservoirs.
A significant reservoir comprises infected resting CD4+ T cells, characterized by stable proviral DNA and long cellular lifespans.
These latently infected cells evade immune detection and viral cytotoxicity but can be reactivated.

Purpose of the Study:

To review novel genome-wide technologies for studying HIV latency.
To highlight recent contributions to understanding the integration, transcriptome, and proteome of latently infected cells.

Main Methods:

Focus on genome-wide technologies.
Analysis of proviral DNA integration sites.
Assessment of cellular transcriptome and proteome in latently infected cells.

Main Results:

Genome-wide technologies offer new insights into the characteristics of HIV reservoirs.
Understanding integration, transcriptome, and proteome is crucial for characterizing latent HIV infection.
These technologies facilitate the study of factors contributing to viral persistence.

Conclusions:

Novel genome-wide approaches are essential for dissecting the complexities of HIV latency.
Further application of these technologies can reveal mechanisms of viral persistence and inform therapeutic strategies.
Understanding the molecular landscape of resting CD4+ T cells is key to eradicating HIV.