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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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A11-positive &#946;-amyloid Oligomer Preparation and Assessment Using Dot Blotting Analysis
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Functional amyloids keep quorum-sensing molecules in check.

Thomas Seviour1, Susan Hove Hansen2, Liang Yang3

  • 1From the Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE) and twseviour@ntu.edu.sg.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Functional amyloids in biofilms bind and retain signaling molecules and redox mediators. This transient interaction ensures metabolite bioavailability and security within the biofilm matrix, crucial for survival in dynamic environments.

Keywords:
AmyloidBiofilmFunctional AmyloidPseudomonasPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)Quorum Sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) of biofilms poorly understood regarding metabolite transport.
  • Functional amyloids are abundant in biofilms and possess hydrophobic domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanism of extracellular metabolite trafficking through biofilm ECM.
  • Hypothesize that functional amyloids retain signaling molecules and redox mediators.

Main Methods:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to study molecule-amyloid binding kinetics.
  • Reporter assays using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
  • Electrochemical analysis for redox mediator retention.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated transient binding of quorum-sensing (QS) molecules and pyocyanin to Pseudomonas functional amyloids (Fap).
  • Confirmed QS molecule retention using reporter assays after extensive washing.
  • Validated pyocyanin retention via electrochemical analysis post-washing.

Conclusions:

  • Functional amyloids play a role in retaining key extracellular metabolites within biofilms.
  • Transient amyloid-QS molecule interactions are vital for metabolite bioavailability and ECM security.
  • These interactions are likely significant in the turbulent natural habitats of bacteria.