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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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MYC regulates the non-coding transcriptome.

Jonathan R Hart1, Thomas C Roberts2, Marc S Weinberg3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Oncotarget
|January 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified 1,273 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human B-cells, with 534 responding to MYC overexpression. MYC directly targets these lncRNAs, but cell-specific factors also regulate their expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulation.
  • The MYC oncogene is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation.
  • Understanding MYC's interaction with lncRNAs is vital for comprehending B-cell development and oncogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize lncRNAs regulated by MYC in human B-cells.
  • To investigate the directness of MYC targeting of lncRNAs.
  • To explore the factors influencing MYC-driven lncRNA expression.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of ribosome-depleted RNA from P493-6 human B-cells.
  • Analysis of MYC occupancy at transcription start sites (TSS).
  • Validation using Nuclear Run-On (NRO) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).

Main Results:

  • Identified 1,273 lncRNAs, with 534 responsive to MYC overexpression.
  • Observed increased MYC occupancy at TSS of responsive lncRNAs, indicating direct targeting.
  • MYC binding at TSS is conserved across cell lines, but expression is cell-specific.
  • A fraction of identified lncRNAs lack polyadenylation.

Conclusions:

  • MYC directly regulates a subset of lncRNAs in human B-cells.
  • Cell-specific factors, potentially related to differentiation, are critical for MYC-bound lncRNA promoter activity.
  • MYC-responsive lncRNAs represent a significant layer of gene regulation in B-cells.