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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Translational neuroscience aims to find neural circuit abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders for treatment development.
  • Gamma band oscillations (30-100 Hz) are of interest due to understood mechanisms and observed abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ).
  • Animal models of SZ show increased spontaneous gamma power, but this is not clearly identified in human patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine spontaneous gamma power.
  • To investigate its relationship with evoked gamma oscillations in the auditory cortex of patients with SZ.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 24 chronic SZ patients and 24 matched healthy controls.
  • Electroencephalograms (EEGs) during auditory steady-state stimulation (20, 30, 40 Hz) and resting state.
  • Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) measures included phase-locking factor and evoked power; spontaneous gamma power measured as induced and total gamma power.

Main Results:

  • Reduced ASSR phase-locking factor in SZ patients at 40 Hz stimulation.
  • Increased broadband-induced gamma power in SZ patients during steady-state stimulation (but not at rest).
  • Induced gamma power correlated with auditory hallucination symptoms and negatively with ASSR phase-locking factor in SZ patients.

Conclusions:

  • Increased spontaneous gamma activity during auditory stimulation in SZ suggests a disruption in excitation-inhibition balance.
  • This may contribute to the observed gamma ASSR deficit in SZ.
  • Increased spontaneous gamma power could be a biomarker for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor integrity in SZ and animal models.