Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

904
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
904
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

96.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
96.0K
Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals01:30

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

463
The actions and characteristics of others heavily influence the causes of social behaviors. Emotional expressions serve as powerful social signals, shaping behaviors and interactions in significant ways. Whether through direct observation or subconscious processing, individuals constantly adjust their responses based on the emotions and attributes of those around them.Emotional Cues and Social ResponsesFacial expressions, tone of voice, and body language provide crucial emotional cues that...
463
Social Identity01:29

Social Identity

470
Social identity constitutes a significant aspect of an individual’s self-concept, shaped by membership in various social groups, including gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and political affiliation. Individuals associate specific traits with particular social groups, leading to internalization of these traits. For example, musicians are often perceived as creative, while women are frequently associated with nurturing tendencies. Once individuals identify with a...
470
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

15.7K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
15.7K
Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

1.3K
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between political orientation and allyship: Evidence from potential allies and their LGBTQ+ close others.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Mapping Borderland Identity Experiences: Integrating the Asexual, Bisexual, Multiracial, and Non-Binary Literatures.

Psychological reports·2025
Same author

A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2024
Same author

Accent Attitudes: A Review Through Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Perspectives.

Psychological reports·2024
Same author

Institutional Change Affects Perceived and Personal Intergroup Attitudes.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2024
Same author

Sex ratios in vocal ensembles affect perceptions of threat and belonging.

Scientific reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.4K

Gendered Facial Cues Influence Race Categorizations.

Colleen M Carpinella1, Jacqueline M Chen2, David L Hamilton3

  • 1University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA colleen.m.carpinella@hawaii.edu kerri.johnson@ucla.edu.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|January 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Social perception links race and gender, challenging independent categorization. Study findings reveal that perceived gender cues significantly bias race categorization, impacting both accuracy and speed.

Keywords:
genderperson perceptionrace perceptionsocial categorization

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.1K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

6.4K
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

18.1K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Perception Studies

Background:

  • Race and gender categories are often assumed to be perceived independently.
  • However, social perception frequently intertwines these categories due to shared phenotypic cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether target gender influences race categorization.
  • To examine the impact of gender cues on the efficiency of race judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies utilized racially ambiguous and monoracial targets, including real facial photographs.
  • Participants categorized targets' race, with reaction times recorded to assess judgment efficiency.
  • Controlled for race prototypicality to isolate the effect of gender.

Main Results:

  • Feminine faces led to more White categorizations, while masculine faces led to more Asian or Black categorizations.
  • Categorization efficiency varied: White categorizations were faster for feminine faces, whereas Asian and Black categorizations were faster for masculine faces.
  • Gender's influence on race categorization persisted even when race prototypicality was controlled.

Conclusions:

  • Race categorization is demonstrably biased by gender cues, contrary to the assumption of independent perception.
  • These findings highlight the interconnectedness of social categories in human perception.
  • The study underscores the role of phenotypic cues in shaping social judgments.