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    Jaundice01:25

    Jaundice

    Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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    Impulse01:13

    Impulse

    According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
    Additionally, it can be shown that the...
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    Phasors01:12

    Phasors

    Phasors are a powerful mathematical tool used to analyze alternating current (AC) circuits. They provide a complex number representation of sinusoids, with the magnitude of the phasor equating to the amplitude of the sinusoid and the angle of the phasor representing the phase measured from the positive x-axis.
    One of the significant benefits of using phasors is that they simplify the analysis of AC circuits by eliminating the time dependence of the current and voltage. This transformation...
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    Diphtheria01:28

    Diphtheria

    Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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    Dehydration Synthesis01:15

    Dehydration Synthesis

    Overview
    Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
    Synthesis of carbohydrates
    Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
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    Torts II01:13

    Torts II

    Intentional torts in healthcare refer to deliberate actions that cause harm or infringe on the rights of others. Understanding these torts is crucial for healthcare professionals to avoid legal liabilities and maintain ethical standards in patient care.
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