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Nutritionally-induced catch-up growth.

Galia Gat-Yablonski1, Moshe Phillip2

  • 1The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Children's Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. galiagy@post.tau.ac.il.

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Malnutrition causes growth attenuation in children. Understanding catch-up (CU) growth mechanisms can improve treatments for growth deficits and nutritional abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Nutritional science
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a primary cause of growth attenuation in children.
  • Spontaneous catch-up (CU) growth typically restores a child's original growth trajectory after nutritional recovery.
  • Incomplete CU growth can result in permanent growth deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the mechanisms regulating nutrition and growth in children.
  • To explore systemic and local factors influencing catch-up growth.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for improving CU growth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on growth regulation and malnutrition.
  • Analysis of systemic factors: insulin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21).
  • Examination of local mechanisms: autophagy, transcription regulators, protein synthesis, microRNAs (miRNAs), and epigenetics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key systemic hormones and local cellular processes involved in growth regulation.
  • Highlighted the complex interplay between nutrition, hormonal signaling, and cellular mechanisms in CU growth.
  • Emphasized the variability in CU growth response among children.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CU growth is crucial for developing effective nutritional and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research can translate molecular insights into clinical benefits for children with malnutrition and growth abnormalities.
  • Optimizing CU growth can mitigate long-term health consequences of early-life malnutrition.