Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

763
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
763
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

1.0K
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
1.0K
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

1.5K
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
1.5K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

1.1K
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
1.1K
Language Development01:22

Language Development

1.1K
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
1.1K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.4K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between academic and neurocognitive functioning and bowel program management independence in youth and young adults with spina bifida.

PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Risk factors and outcomes in preterm versus full-term infants with abusive head trauma: A retrospective comparative study.

Child abuse & neglect·2025
Same author

Self-management in Youth and Young Adults With Spina Bifida: Associations With Caregiver Expectation and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms.

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP·2025
Same author

On the relationship between word reading ability and spelling ability.

Reading and writing·2025
Same author

Mortality after abusive head trauma: Relationship to brain injury severity, age, and co-occurring bodily injuries.

Child abuse & neglect·2025
Same author

Healthcare Self-Management, Executive Functioning, and Social Determinants of Health in Young Adults with Pediatric-Onset Disabilities: a Pilot Study.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2025
Same journal

Mental Health in College Students: From Epidemiological Findings to Sustainable Policies.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
Same journal

Sex Differences in Affective Disorders: A Developmental Neuroscience Framework on the Role of Puberty.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
Same journal

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Depression Among Adults and Adolescents.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
Same journal

Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders: From Competing Paradigms Toward Iterative Integration.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
Same journal

Assessment and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in the Community.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
Same journal

Objective Assessment in Clinical Psychological Science: Progress in Wearable Alcohol Biosensors.

Annual review of clinical psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

9.0K

Developmental dyslexia.

Robin L Peterson1, Bruce F Pennington

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045;

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental dyslexia stems from genetic and environmental factors impacting brain networks. Research integrates multiple levels to understand and treat this reading disorder.

Keywords:
etiologygeneticslanguageneuropsychologyreading disability

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.3K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

9.0K
Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.3K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading disorder with multifactorial origins.
  • Understanding its etiology, brain mechanisms, and social context is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the causes, neural underpinnings, and neuropsychological profile of dyslexia.
  • To examine the social context, including cross-linguistic variations and treatment efficacy.
  • To highlight research integrating multiple levels of analysis for a comprehensive understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review utilizing a levels-of-analysis framework.
  • Synthesis of findings from genetic, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and social science research.
  • Analysis of dyslexia across different languages and socioeconomic contexts.

Main Results:

  • Dyslexia results from an interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors.
  • Brain-level studies reveal structural and functional abnormalities in left hemisphere reading/language networks.
  • Neurocognitive deficits commonly include phonological processing, oral language skills, and processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of dyslexia requires integrating research across multiple levels of analysis.
  • Future research should continue to bridge these levels to advance prevention and remediation strategies.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are essential for addressing the complexities of developmental dyslexia.