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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
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Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Mechanical Systems01:22

Mechanical Systems

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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Application of Pascal's Law01:03

Application of Pascal's Law

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Pascal's experimentally proven observations—that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and to the walls of its container—provide the foundations for hydraulics, one of the most important developments in modern mechanical technology.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
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Controllable surface haptics via particle jamming and pneumatics.

Andrew A Stanley, Allison M Okamura

    IEEE Transactions on Haptics
    |January 17, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel haptic interface using particle jamming and pneumatics to control shape and stiffness. This technology enables tunable tactile feedback for enhanced user interaction.

    Area of Science:

    • Robotics and Human-Computer Interaction
    • Materials Science and Engineering

    Background:

    • Tactile displays require simultaneous control of shape and mechanical properties.
    • Particle jamming and pneumatics offer a promising approach for dynamic haptic interfaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a novel haptic interface combining particle jamming and pneumatics.
    • To investigate the macroscopic rheological properties of jammed granular materials for haptic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicone membrane with an array of coffee ground-filled cells.
    • Integration with a pneumatic system for vacuum control, node pinning, and chamber pressurization.
    • Experimental characterization of force-displacement interactions using Maxwell and Zener models.

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    Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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    Main Results:

    • Individual cells can be rapidly switched between flexible and rigid states by adjusting vacuum levels.
    • The surface can be shaped into various forms through controlled inflation and pinning.
    • Rheological models (Maxwell and Zener) accurately describe the mechanical behavior of jammed cells, with parameters tunable via vacuum pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed jamming haptic interface allows for simultaneous control of shape and mechanical properties.
    • The study provides a framework for tuning and controlling the stiffness and damping of haptic interfaces.
    • This technology has potential applications in creating more immersive and informative tactile feedback systems.