Models of ADHD: Five ways smaller sooner is better
1Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|January 20, 2015
Summary
New mathematical models explain choices between immediate and delayed rewards, offering insights into impulsivity and decision-making relevant to ADHD research.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Economics
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Delay discounting involves choosing between smaller, sooner (SS) rewards and larger, later (LL) rewards.
- This paradigm is relevant to understanding impulsivity, particularly in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its animal models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To formulate novel mathematical models of judgment and choice in delay discounting tasks.
- To provide a unified framework that encompasses existing models and offers new insights.
Main Methods:
- Developed a model incorporating utility of goods and delay, grounding hyperbolic discounting and predicting effects of preference.
- Formulated a model of conditioned reinforcement strength for choices mediated by conditioning.
- Utilized a Thurstonian model of discrimination to analyze preferential judgments.
Main Results:
- Models were fit to exemplary data, supporting theories of delay aversion.
- The models explain inconsistencies in the existing literature on delay discounting.
- Parameters derived from the models connect to economic utility theories.
Conclusions:
- The presented models offer a comprehensive framework for analyzing delay discounting behavior.
- These models provide a valuable tool for research on impulsivity, decision-making, and ADHD.
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