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HIV gene regulation and pathogenesis.

F Wong-Staal1

  • 1Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Cancer Detection and Prevention
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has complex genetic regulation. Cofactors that enhance HIV production are significant in AIDS pathogenesis, potentially involving interactions with other viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibits unique genetic complexity among retroviruses.
  • HIV's regulatory genes maintain low-level virus expression, but increased expression correlates with disease progression and CD4 cell depletion.
  • Cofactors enhancing HIV production play a significant role in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of cofactors in HIV pathogenesis.
  • To investigate how viral agents and cellular factors activate HIV.
  • To understand the interplay between HIV and other viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HIV regulation and cofactors.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating viral activation of HIV.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of the impact of HIV on other infections.

    • Main Results:

    • Environmental and cellular factors activate HIV.
    • Leukemia viruses (HTLV-1, HTLV-2) and herpesviruses stimulate HIV gene expression.
    • The HIV tat gene can activate JC virus, a DNA virus.
    • HIV-induced immunosuppression can reactivate latent herpesviruses.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral and cellular cofactors significantly influence HIV pathogenesis.
    • Interactions between HIV and other viruses can exacerbate disease.
    • HIV's immunosuppressive effects create a cycle of further CD4 cell depletion through opportunistic infections.