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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
Published on: December 1, 2023
Update on diseases and treatment of the pharynx
A Berkley Chesen1, Canaan Whitfield-Cargile2
1Equine Comprehensive Wellness, 118 Camino Los Abuelos, Santa Fe, NM 87508, USA.
Abstract:
This article reviews dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) and nasopharyngeal cicatrix. Palatial instability results in exercise intolerance and upper respiratory noise in performance horses. Palatial instability can progress to DDSP either permanently or only during exercise. There have been advancements related to the etiopathogensis, diagnosis, and treatment of DDSP. The laryngeal tie-forward has gained popularity and is the most widely accepted treatment option for this condition, either alone or in combination with other procedures. Nasopharyngeal cicatrix affects a small geographic region. Diagnosis is definitively made via endoscopy. The most effective treatment of this condition is a permanent tracheostomy.
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