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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
Published on: October 18, 2024
Ender Tekin1, David Vásquez1, James M Coughlan1
1The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St. San Francisco, CA 94115.
A new app, BLaDE (Barcode Localization and Decoding Engine), helps blind users find and read product barcodes using real-time audio feedback. This open-source software is proven usable for visually impaired individuals.
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