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Related Experiment Videos

Prevention of pertussis.

E L Anderson1

  • 1Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Pertussis, a severe respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis, poses risks globally, especially to unvaccinated infants. Vaccination remains the key control, with ongoing development of safer and effective acellular vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, posing significant global health risks.
  • It disproportionately affects infants under one year old in regions with low immunization rates, leading to severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Characteristic symptoms include severe coughing fits, potential hypoxia, pneumonia, and seizures, with prolonged illness stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and control strategies for pertussis.
  • To discuss the evolution of pertussis vaccines, from whole-cell to acellular formulations.
  • To highlight the challenges in developing and evaluating new pertussis vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pertussis epidemiology, transmission, and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of historical and current pertussis vaccination strategies.
  • Discussion of vaccine reactogenicity, efficacy, and challenges in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Pertussis remains a significant threat, particularly in under-immunized populations.
  • Whole-cell pertussis vaccines, while effective, have been associated with adverse reactions and waning public acceptance.
  • Acellular pertussis vaccines, used in Japan since 1981, show promise for reduced reactogenicity and maintained efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination is the cornerstone of pertussis control.
  • Development of less reactogenic and highly efficacious acellular pertussis vaccines is a priority.
  • Careful design and execution of clinical trials are crucial for the successful introduction of new pertussis vaccines.

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