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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...

Operational Amplifiers

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The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...

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Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

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Published on: February 6, 2014

Quadrature demultiplexing using a degenerate vector parametric amplifier.

Abel Lorences-Riesgo, Lan Liu, Samuel L I Olsson

|January 22, 2015

Summary

Researchers demonstrate all-optical quadrature demultiplexing of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals into two binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals. This method uses a novel phase-locked loop for stable signal decomposition with negligible penalty.

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Area of Science:

Optical communications
Nonlinear optics
Signal processing

Background:

Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is a bandwidth-efficient modulation scheme.
Demultiplexing QPSK signals optically is crucial for high-speed communication systems.
Existing methods may involve complexity or performance limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To achieve all-optical quadrature demultiplexing of QPSK signals.
To convert QPSK into two binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals.
To demonstrate a novel phase-locked loop (PLL) for stable signal decomposition.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a degenerate vector parametric amplifier in phase-insensitive mode.
Implementing an all-optical demultiplexing technique.
Employing a simple phase-locked loop (PLL) based on envelope detection.

Main Results:

Successful demultiplexing of QPSK into two cross-polarized BPSK signals.
Negligible penalty observed at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10(-9).
Stable quadrature decomposition achieved using the proposed PLL scheme.

Conclusions:

The demonstrated all-optical demultiplexing is efficient and effective.
The novel PLL scheme provides stable quadrature decomposition for optical signals.
This technique offers a promising solution for advanced optical communication systems.