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Ultrafast high-power microwave window breakdown: nonlinear and postpulse effects.

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Summary

High-power microwave discharges create intense plasma at dielectric-air interfaces. This occurs due to a space-charge sheath that enhances the electric field, leading to ultrafast breakdown and sustained glow discharge.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • High-power microwave (HPM) discharges are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding plasma behavior at dielectric interfaces is essential for HPM device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the optical emissions and breakdown mechanisms of HPM discharges near a dielectric-air interface.
  • To elucidate the role of the space-charge sheath in enhancing plasma intensity and enabling ultrafast discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Time- and space-dependent optical emissions were observed using nanosecond-response four-framing intensified-charged-coupled device (ICCD) cameras.
  • Three-dimensional electromagnetic-field modeling and two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations were employed to analyze breakdown mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Plasma developed more intensely at the dielectric-air interface compared to free space, correlating with higher electric-field amplitude.
  • A thin layer of intense light emission was observed above the dielectric post-microwave pulse.
  • A space-charge microwave sheath formed near the dielectric surface, significantly enhancing the local electric field and ionization.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of a space-charge microwave sheath, nonlinear ionization feedback, enhanced electron mobility, and photoemission are key to ultrafast discharge.
  • The sheath sustains a glow discharge after the HPM pulse until its collapse.