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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Diamagnetism01:26

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Gilbert damping in noncollinear ferromagnets.

Zhe Yuan1, Kjetil M D Hals2, Yi Liu1

  • 1Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

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The study reveals that magnetic damping in noncollinear systems, like transverse domain walls in Ni80Fe20, is nonlocal and depends on dynamic modes, challenging existing theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation accurately describes collinear magnetization dynamics.
  • Noncollinear magnetization dynamics, particularly damping, remain poorly understood theoretically and experimentally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how noncollinearity affects magnetic damping in transverse domain walls.
  • To explore the damping mechanisms in the ferromagnetic alloy Ni80Fe20 using first-principles methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized first-principles scattering theory.
  • Investigated transverse domain walls (DWs) in Ni80Fe20.

Main Results:

  • Discovered that damping in transverse domain walls is nonlocal.
  • Showed damping depends on magnetization texture and specific dynamic modes of Bloch and Néel DWs.
  • Observed nonlocal damping even in the disordered Ni80Fe20 alloy.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetic damping in noncollinear systems is more complex than previously assumed.
  • First-principles scattering theory provides crucial insights into nonlocal damping phenomena.
  • Findings challenge existing theoretical predictions for magnetic damping in complex textures.