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Serum proteomes distinguish children developing type 1 diabetes in a cohort with HLA-conferred susceptibility

Robert Moulder1, Santosh D Bhosale1, Timo Erkkilä2

  • 1Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Diabetes
|January 25, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Longitudinal serum proteomics identified key protein changes before type 1 diabetes autoantibodies appear. This discovery aids in early detection of diabetes susceptibility in children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Proteomics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with a pre-clinical phase.
  • Identifying biomarkers during the pre-diabetic period is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify longitudinal serum proteomic changes preceding autoantibody seroconversion in children with T1D susceptibility.
  • To discover novel protein candidates indicative of impending T1D development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal serum samples from children (3 months to 12 years) with HLA-conferred T1D susceptibility were analyzed.
  • Proteomics was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after serum protein depletion.
  • Case-control analysis compared children who progressed to T1D with those who remained autoantibody-negative.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in the abundance of specific serum proteins were detected in progressors before autoantibody positivity.
  • Classification of progressors was achieved with high accuracy using proteomic data.
  • Temporal proteomic profiles were established for healthy children and those progressing to T1D.

Conclusions:

  • Serum proteomic profiling can detect early signs of T1D development before clinical autoantibody markers.
  • This study provides a valuable temporal proteomic reference and identifies potential new biomarkers for T1D prediction.
  • Early detection through proteomic analysis holds promise for future T1D management strategies.

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