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Related Concept Videos

Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant...
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Hydraulic Jump01:29

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A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

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Hydrodynamic delivery.

Takeshi Suda1, Dexi Liu2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.

Advances in Genetics
|January 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydrodynamic delivery (HD) is a versatile in vivo gene delivery method for research. This review covers HD fundamentals, applications in gene discovery, and its clinical potential for safe and efficient gene therapy.

Keywords:
Gene deliveryGene transferHydrodynamic gene deliveryNonviral gene delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrodynamic delivery (HD) is a widely adopted technique for introducing DNA and RNA into cells in vivo, particularly in rodent models.
  • It is instrumental in various research areas including gene/protein drug discovery, gene function analysis, and target validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the fundamental principles of hydrodynamic delivery.
  • To outline the diverse applications of HD in biological research.
  • To discuss the future perspectives and potential clinical translation of HD techniques.

Main Methods:

  • The review focuses on the established procedures and underlying mechanisms of hydrodynamic delivery.
  • It synthesizes information from existing literature on HD techniques and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • HD enables efficient delivery of nucleic acids and other molecules into target organs in vivo.
  • Applications span gene function studies, drug discovery, and validation of therapeutic targets.
  • Ongoing developments aim to enhance the safety and efficiency for clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrodynamic delivery is a powerful research tool with significant implications for gene therapy.
  • Further refinement of HD methods is crucial for its successful clinical implementation.
  • HD holds promise for advancing gene-based therapeutics and diagnostics.