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This study explores spin-orbit coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), revealing a quantum phase transition. Spin and field squeezing are key indicators of this transition, influenced by detuning effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is crucial for novel quantum phenomena.
  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) provide a platform for studying quantum many-body physics.
  • Raman lasers enable the realization of tunable SOC in atomic BECs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate spin and field squeezing in SOC BECs.
  • Characterize the Dicke-type quantum phase transition in this system.
  • Analyze the impact of detuning on ground state properties and squeezing.

Main Methods:

  • Mapping the SOC BEC to the quantum Dicke model.
  • Quantifying order parameters like spin polarization and trap mode occupation.
  • Analyzing the ground state properties under varying detuning conditions.

Main Results:

  • A Dicke-type quantum phase transition is observed and quantified.
  • Spin and field squeezing are identified as indicators of the phase transition.
  • Detuning causes a step jump in spin polarization and quasi-momentum at zero detuning.
  • Detuning enhances trap mode occupation but suppresses spin and field squeezing.

Conclusions:

  • SOC in BECs provides a tunable platform for quantum phase transitions.
  • Spin and field squeezing are sensitive probes of quantum criticality in SOC BECs.
  • Detuning effects offer a way to control and manipulate quantum states in these systems.