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Emerging alphaviruses in the Americas: Chikungunya and Mayaro

Mario Luis Garcia de Figueiredo1, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo2

  • 1Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, PA, Brazil.

Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical
|January 29, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) cause febrile illness and joint pain. This review covers their pathogenesis, clinical signs, treatment, epidemiology, and prevention, focusing on public health in the Americas.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are emergent arboviruses belonging to the Semliki Forest Complex of Alphavirus.
  • Both viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and cause acute febrile illness with arthropathy.
  • MAYV and CHIKV pose significant public health challenges in the Americas, notably Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of CHIKV and MAYV infections.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for these arboviruses.
  • To explore epidemiological aspects and prophylaxis measures for CHIKV and MAYV.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on Chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus.
  • Information was gathered on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment, epidemiology, and prophylaxis.
  • The review synthesizes data relevant to public health concerns in the Americas.

Main Results:

  • CHIKV and MAYV share close genetic relation despite different origins.
  • Both viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, leading to outbreaks of febrile illness and arthropathy.
  • Public health impact is substantial in the Americas, necessitating comprehensive understanding.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of CHIKV and MAYV requires understanding their pathogenesis and clinical spectrum.
  • Epidemiological surveillance and robust prophylaxis strategies are crucial for controlling outbreaks.
  • Further research into treatment and prevention is vital for mitigating public health threats.

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