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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

3
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

1
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice
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Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice

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[Traumatic nerve damage: causes, approaches and prognosis].

H Müller-Vahl1

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30623, Hannover, Deutschland, Mueller-Vahl.Hermann@MH-Hannover.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|January 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Prompt peripheral nerve injury diagnosis and treatment. Early assessment of nerve damage is crucial for optimal recovery, guiding decisions between conservative care and surgery within three months. Novel regeneration strategies are under investigation.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Context:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries range from minor myelin damage to severe axonal degeneration (Waller degeneration).
  • Early intervention is critical as nerve regeneration potential is highest in the initial weeks post-injury.

Purpose:

  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis for peripheral nerve injuries.
  • To highlight the role of imaging techniques like neurosonography and MR neurography in assessing nerve damage.
  • To discuss the critical three-month window for surgical intervention decisions.

Summary:

  • Penetrating nerve injuries cause axonal degeneration and affect effector organs and neural centers.
  • Favorable conditions for nerve fiber regeneration exist shortly after injury.
  • Imaging modalities aid in determining the necessity of surgical repair versus conservative management.

Impact:

  • Optimizing treatment strategies for peripheral nerve injuries through early and accurate diagnosis.
  • Exploring novel therapeutic approaches to enhance nerve regeneration.
  • Improving patient outcomes for severe neural injuries where current treatments are often unsatisfactory.