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Glucocorticoid receptor function in health and disease
Giorgio Caratti1, Laura Matthews1, Toryn Poolman1
1Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Clinical Endocrinology
|January 29, 2015
Summary
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are vital hormones regulating metabolism and immunity. New drugs targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) offer novel treatments for immune diseases, cancer, and adrenal insufficiency.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Glucocorticoid hormones are essential for vertebrate survival, acting via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) present in most human cells.
- Glucocorticoids (GCs) broadly influence carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, stress response, and cell fate.
- Synthetic GCs are common medical agents and a frequent cause of Cushing's syndrome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest understanding of glucocorticoid (GC) mechanisms of action.
- To explore how diseases affect GC actions.
- To discuss the therapeutic potential of novel drugs targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing current knowledge from existing literature.
- It covers established functions and emerging research on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling.
- The review integrates clinical observations with pharmacological advancements.
Main Results:
- Glucocorticoid (GC) actions, while mediated by the ubiquitous glucocorticoid receptor (GR), exhibit cell-type specificity.
- Diseases can significantly alter the efficacy and impact of GC signaling.
- Novel GR-targeting drugs present promising therapeutic avenues.
Conclusions:
- Understanding GC-GR interactions is crucial for managing various physiological and pathological conditions.
- New pharmacological strategies targeting the GR hold significant promise for treating immune disorders, malignancies, and adrenal insufficiency.
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