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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Intratumor molecular and phenotypic diversity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Jean-Charles Nault1, Augusto Villanueva2
1Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, and Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly heterogeneous disease both at the molecular and clinical levels. Intratumor morphologic and genetic heterogeneity adds a new level of complexity in our understanding of liver carcinogenesis, and it is likely an important determinant of primary and secondary resistance to targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1786-8. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Friemel et al., p. 1951.

