Recent developments in therapeutic applications of Cyanobacteria

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biotechnology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes with significant applications in human health.
• They are recognized for their nutritional value and digestibility, serving as a dietary supplement.
• Numerous cyanobacteria species produce a wide array of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the diverse biological activities and applications of cyanobacteria.
• To highlight the potential of cyanobacteria-derived compounds in human health and as dietary supplements.
• To review the current status of cyanobacteria-derived products in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on cyanobacteria and their bioactive compounds.
• Analysis of the chemical diversity of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria.
• Examination of the documented biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-viral, and antimicrobial effects.

Main Results:

• Cyanobacteria produce diverse bioactive compounds such as cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, and alkaloids.
• Over 50% of marine cyanobacteria are potential sources of bioactive substances, particularly effective against cancer cells via apoptosis induction.
• Established roles include anti-viral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, and food additive applications.

Conclusions:

• Cyanobacteria represent a valuable resource for novel bioactive compounds with broad therapeutic potential.
• Significant potential exists for marine cyanobacteria in drug discovery, especially for oncology.
• Further research and clinical development are needed as only a limited number of cyanobacteria-derived products have reached the market.