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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Doctor, I sprained my ankle.

Choon How How, Ken Jin Tan1

  • 1OrthoSports - Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, #10-41, Mt Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, 38 Irrawaddy Road, Singapore 329563. tankenjin@gmail.com.

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Ankle sprains are common injuries affecting ligaments, often caused by inversion. Early, graduated exercises are key to recovery and preventing future ankle injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Ankle sprains are the most frequent cause of ankle injuries.
  • These injuries involve damage to one or more ankle ligaments, from minor tears to complete ruptures.
  • The anterior talofibular ligament is the most commonly affected ligament, typically due to inversion stress on a plantar-flexed foot.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical approach to managing ankle sprains.
  • To emphasize the importance of risk stratification for fractures.
  • To highlight the role of early rehabilitation in preventing recurrent injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment including history-taking and physical examination.
  • Application of the Ottawa ankle rules for fracture risk assessment.
  • Implementation of graduated exercises for range of motion and rehabilitation.

Main Results:

  • Ankle sprains lead to pain, reduced mobility, and lost work/school days.
  • Effective management involves pain control, fracture risk assessment, and addressing long-term complications.
  • Early initiation of graduated exercises post-pain and swelling resolution is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Ankle sprains require comprehensive management, including fracture risk assessment and pain control.
  • Graduated exercises are essential for restoring ankle mobility and function.
  • Recurrent ankle injuries often result from a combination of mechanical and functional deficits.