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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
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Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Published on: February 21, 2016

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Control of ciliation in embryogenesis.

Anna S Nikonova1, Erica A Golemis1

  • 1Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|January 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cilia act as cellular sensors for environmental cues. Researchers observed cilia formation during embryogenesis and identified factors controlling their development outside the embryo.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cilia are crucial cellular appendages extending into the extracellular environment.
  • They function as sensors for diverse stimuli, including fluid flow, mechanical forces, and signaling molecules like Hedgehog.
  • Understanding cilia formation is vital for developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize the initial emergence of cilia during embryonic development.
  • To identify genetic or cellular factors that regulate ciliogenesis outside the main embryonic tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live imaging techniques to observe real-time cilia formation.
  • Employed lineage tracing and genetic analysis to identify determinants of ciliogenesis.

More Related Videos

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
07:07

Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea

Published on: February 21, 2016

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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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Main Results:

  • Successfully captured the dynamic process of primary cilia appearance in developing embryos.
  • Discovered specific lineage-dependent factors that govern and restrict ciliogenesis in extra-embryonic contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Cilia emerge dynamically during embryogenesis, serving as critical sensory organelles.
  • Lineage-specific mechanisms actively control and limit the formation of cilia in extra-embryonic tissues, ensuring proper developmental patterning.