Quantitative testing of physiotherapy ultrasound beam patterns within a clinical environment using a thermochromic...

The implementation of the non-standardized method developed at the National Physical Laboratory (UK) supporting the quality assurance of therapeutic ultrasonic beam parameters within a clinical environment is presented. The method consists of exposing an acoustic absorber tile, part of which contains a thermochromic pigment, to the ultrasonic beam, thereby forming an image of the two-dimensional intensity profile of the transducer. Nine different physiotherapy ultrasound treatment heads currently used clinically were tested using this method. Thermochromic images were postprocessed in order to estimate the Effective Radiating Area (ERA) for treatment heads operating within the frequency range from 1 MHz to 3.2 MHz, and nominal applied intensities in the range of 1-3 W/cm(2). Experimental results and comparisons with manufacturer specified values of ERA are presented. Differences in the experimentally derived results and the manufacturer values are typically well within 25%. The root-mean squared difference calculated over the nine treatment heads is 15.1%, with the thermochromic material tended to underestimate the ERA.