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Surgical management for complications of pediatric lung injury

T K Pandian1, Chad Hamner2

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|February 3, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric lung injuries from infections, trauma, or congenital conditions often require surgery. This review covers surgical management for these lung injuries and discusses tracheostomy in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric lung injuries stem from diverse causes including infections, trauma, congenital issues, and iatrogenic factors.
  • Complications of childhood pneumonia, such as bronchiectasis and empyema, frequently necessitate surgical intervention.
  • Spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence rates in children are high (50-60%) with non-operative management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine surgical management strategies for pediatric lung injury complications.
  • To review evidence on early tracheostomy in pediatric patients.
  • To discuss management of tracheostomy-related complications in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric lung injury and surgical interventions.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding tracheostomy in pediatric critical care.
  • Synthesis of treatment approaches for tracheostomy sequelae.

Main Results:

  • Infectious, traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic causes lead to pediatric lung injuries requiring surgery.
  • Surgical interventions address bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema, pneumothorax, chylothorax, and bronchopleural fistulae.
  • Evidence for early tracheostomy and its management in pediatric patients is reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical management is crucial for various pediatric lung injury complications.
  • Tracheostomy decisions and complication management require careful consideration in pediatric care.
  • Further research is needed to optimize surgical and airway management in pediatric lung disease.

Keywords:
EmpyemaIntubationLung injuryPediatricsPneumothoraxTracheostomy

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