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Genetic changes in human adrenocortical carcinomas.

T Yano1, M Linehan, P Anglard

  • 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|April 5, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Loss of heterozygosity in adrenal cortical tumors, particularly on chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 17p, is linked to cancer development. These genetic changes were found in carcinomas but not benign adrenal lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Human Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at specific chromosomal loci is implicated in tumor development.
  • Previous research suggests a role for chromosome 11p in adrenal cortical tumor pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chromosomal aberrations, specifically LOH on chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 17p, in the development of adrenal cortical tumors.
  • To differentiate genetic alterations in benign versus malignant adrenal cortical lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of LOH at loci on chromosomes 11, 13, and 17 in tumor and normal somatic tissues from patients with adrenocortical carcinoma and benign adrenal cortical lesions.
  • Genotyping of specific alleles to detect loss in tumor samples.

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Main Results:

  • All adrenocortical carcinoma patients heterozygous for 17p loci showed allele loss in tumors.
  • A majority of adrenocortical carcinoma patients (4/6) heterozygous for 11p loci exhibited 11p allele loss in tumors.
  • Three of six adrenocortical carcinoma patients displayed 13q allele loss.
  • Allele loss on chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 17p was present in primary tumors and metastases, but absent in benign adenomas and hyperplastic lesions.
  • One patient with adrenocortical carcinoma had a HRAS1 gene somatic mutation in normal adrenal gland tissue.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent genetic alterations on chromosomes 11p, 13q, and 17p suggest their critical involvement in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma.
  • LOH on these chromosomes is a distinguishing feature of malignant adrenal cortical tumors compared to benign lesions.