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Related Concept Videos

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
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Ecotoxicological thresholds-practical application to an industrial inventory.

Steve Gutsell1, Geoff Hodges, Stuart Marshall

  • 1Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, Bedford, United Kingdom.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The study derived chemical class-based ecotoxicological thresholds of concern (ecoTTC) for risk assessment. Cationic chemicals are more toxic, but overall ecoTTC values remain useful for screening diverse chemical inventories.

Keywords:
Ecotoxicological threshold of concernEnvironmental Risk AssessmentPrioritizationScreeningThreshold

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Environmental risk assessment relies on understanding chemical toxicity.
  • Thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC) offer a screening approach.
  • Ecotoxicological TTC (ecoTTC) values are crucial for assessing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive chemical class-based ecoTTC values for a home and personal care products company's inventory.
  • To evaluate the applicability of threshold approaches for diverse chemical classes, including inorganic/organometallic compounds, polymers, and surfactants.
  • To enhance environmental risk assessment efficiency through chemical screening and prioritization.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the concept of Thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC) to a chemical inventory.
  • Derived chemical class-based ecotoxicological threshold of concern (ecoTTC) values.
  • Analyzed toxicity data, considering cationic chemicals separately and comparing with Verhaar modes of action (MoAs).

Main Results:

  • Derived a series of chemical class-based ecoTTC values.
  • Cationic chemicals exhibited significantly higher toxicity compared to other chemical classes.
  • The overall ecoTTC for the dataset was only slightly lower than previously derived values for specific modes of action, suggesting few specifically acting chemicals in the dataset.
  • Extended applicability of threshold approaches to inorganic/organometallic chemicals, polymers, and surfactants.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical class-based ecoTTC values are valuable for environmental risk assessment of large chemical inventories.
  • Cationic chemicals require separate consideration due to their higher toxicity.
  • Integrating ecoTTC with mode of action-based quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) enables efficient screening and prioritization of chemicals, focusing resources on those needing further risk assessment.